Nihilist philosophy, a school of thought that examines the absence of purpose, worth, and direction in life, challenges the very foundations of life. Originating from the Latin word "nihil," meaning "none," nihilism claims that life is devoid of intrinsic meaning, and established moral and religious values are baseless. This viewpoint became well-k

Utilitarianism, a outcome-based theory of ethics created by ethicists Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argues that the best decision is the one that increases overall well-being or joy. Fundamental to this ethical theory is the "Greatest Happiness Principle," which maintains that actions are justified if they promote pleasure and unjustified if they c

Utilitarianism, a consequentialist approach of ethics created by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argues that the optimal course of action is the one that maximizes overall well-being or satisfaction. At the heart of this ethical theory is the "Greatest Happiness Principle," which maintains that deeds are ethically correct if they

Stoicism, an ancient Greek school of thought founded in the early 3rd century BCE by Zeno of Citium, advocates the development of self-discipline and resilience as a means to conquer harmful emotions. The philosophy claims that goodness, the highest good, is based on wisdom and that the sages coexist with the divine Reason that rules the cosmos. Th

Existentialist philosophy, a school of thought that emerged in the 19th-20th century period, highlights personal liberty, choice, and individual experience. Central to this school of thought is the belief that being precedes essence, meaning that people define their own purpose and goals through their deeds. Existentialist thinkers like Sartre and